Health benefits of bluefin tuna consumption: (Thunnus thynnus) as a case study.

Consumers are increasingly interested in food products with high nutritional value and health benefits. For instance, fish consumption is linked with diverse positive health benefits and the prevention of certain widespread disorders, such as obesity, metabolic syndrome, or cardiovascular diseases. These benefits have been attributed to its excellent nutritional value (large amounts of high-quality fatty acids, proteins, vitamins, and minerals) and bioactive compounds, while being relatively low-caloric. Atlantic bluefin tuna (Thunnus tynnus) is one of the most consumed species worldwide, motivated by its good nutritional and organoleptic characteristics. Recently, some organizations have proposed limitations on its consumption due to the presence of contaminants, mainly heavy metals such as mercury. However, several studies have reported that most specimens hold lower levels of contaminants than the established limits and that their richness in selenium effectively limits the contaminants' bioaccessibility in the human body. Considering this situation, this study aims to provide baseline data about the nutritional composition and the latest evidence regarding the beneficial effects of Atlantic bluefin tuna consumption. A review of the risk-benefit ratio was also conducted to evaluate the safety of its consumption, considering the current suggested limitations to this species' consumption.

[Chronic communicable and non-communicable pathology and skin pathology of the migrant patient]. / Enfermedad crónica transmisible y no transmisible, y enfermedad cutánea del paciente migrante.

The care of migrant patients includes initial screening and lifelong monitoring, highlighting the importance of preventing and tracking chronic, communicable and non-communicable diseases. The prevalence of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, and obesity varies by ethnicity, influenced by genetic factors, lifestyle, and socio-economic status. Preventive measures, health promotion, and risk factor identification are crucial. Chronic communicable diseases may manifest years after transmission, underscoring the necessity of primary care screening, especially for populations from endemic or high-risk areas. Imported skin lesions are a common reason for consultation among migrant and traveller patients. Their ethiology is varied, ranging from common conditions such as scabies, mycoses, and urticaria to tropical dermatoses like filariasis and leprosy.

Good clinical practice recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease. An expert review from the Asociación Mexicana de Gastroenterología.

INTRODUCTION: Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is very prevalent in the general population, with a broad spectrum of clinical manifestations, requiring accurate diagnosis and treatment. AIM: The aim of this expert review is to establish good clinical practice recommendations for the diagnosis and personalized treatment of GERD. METHODS: The good clinical practice recommendations were produced by a group of experts in GERD, members of the Asociación Mexicana de Gastroenterología (AMG), after carrying out an extensive review of the published literature and discussing each recommendation at a face-to-face meeting. This document does not aim to be a clinical practice guideline with the methodology such a document requires. RESULTS: Fifteen experts on GERD formulated 27 good clinical practice recommendations for recognizing the symptoms and complications of GERD, the rational use of diagnostic tests and medical treatment, the identification and management of refractory GERD, the overlap with functional disorders, endoscopic and surgical treatment, and GERD in the pregnant woman, older adult, and the obese patient. CONCLUSIONS: An accurate diagnosis of GERD is currently possible, enabling the prescription of a personalized treatment in patients with this condition. The goal of the good clinical practice recommendations by the group of experts from the AMG presented in this document is to aid both the general practitioner and specialist in the process of accurate diagnosis and treatment, in the patient with GERD.

Clinical and Epidemiological Characteristics of the 2022 Mpox Outbreak in Spain (CEME-22 Study).

Background: We conducted a multicentric national study (SEIMC-CEME-22), to describe the clinical and epidemiological profile of the mpox outbreak in Spain, including the management of the disease. Methods: This was a retrospective national observational study conducted by Sociedad Española de Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología Clínica (SEIMC) and Foundation SEIMC-GESIDA. We included patients with a confirmed mpox diagnosis before 13 July 2022, and attended at the Spanish health network (the early phase of the outbreak). Epidemiological, clinical, and therapeutic data were collected. Results: Of a total of 1472 patients from 52 centers included, 99% of them were cisgender men, mostly middle-aged, and 98.6% were residents in Spain. The main suspected route of transmission was sexual exposure, primarily among MSM. Occupational exposure was reported in 6 patients. Immunosuppression was present in 40% of patients, mainly due to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Only 6.5% of patients had been vaccinated against orthopoxvirus. Virus sequencing was performed in 147 patients (all B.1 lineage). Rash was the most frequent symptom (95.7%), followed by fever (48.2%), adenopathies (44.4%) myalgias (20.7%), proctitis (17%), and headache (14.7%). Simultaneously diagnosed sexually transmitted infections included syphilis (n = 129), gonococcal infection (n = 91), HIV (n = 67), chlamydia (n = 56), hepatitis B (n = 14), and hepatitis C (n = 11). No therapy was used in 479 patients (33%). Symptomatic therapies and antibiotics were used in 50% of cases. The most used therapy regimens were systemic corticoids (90 patients), tecovirimat (6 patients), and cidofovir (13 patients). Smallpox immunoglobulins were used in 1 patient. Fifty-eight patients were hospitalized, and 1 patient died. Conclusions: Mpox outbreak in Spain affected primarily middle-aged men who were sexually active and showed a high rate of HIV infection. A range of heterogeneous therapeutics options was performed.

Exploring vaginal discharge scoring to assess clinical metritis severity: Comparison between intrauterine dextrose and systemic antibiotics treatments.

The objectives of this study were to assess: 1) differences in the metabolic status, systemic inflammation, daily milk yield, and daily rumination time between Holstein dairy cows with different vaginal discharge scores (VDS) in the first 7±3 DIM, and 2) effects of intrauterine dextrose infusion on metabolic status, systemic inflammation, daily milk yield and daily rumination time in dairy cows with VDS4 and VDS5. Cows (n=641) from a farm located in central Pennsylvania were screened at 7±3 DIM (study d 0) to assess vaginal discharge scores. Vaginal discharge was scored using a five-point scale (i.e., 1- clear fluid, 2- <50% white purulent fluid, 3- >50% white purulent fluid, 4- red-brownish fluid without fetid smell, and 5- fetid red-brownish watery fluid). Cows with VDS4 and VDS5 were blocked by parity and randomly assigned to one of two treatment groups: 1) CONV (VDS4 n=15; VDS5 n= 23): two injections of ceftiofur (per label; 6.6 mg/Kg) 72 h apart; and 2) DEX (VDS4 n=15; VDS5 n=22): three intrauterine infusions of a 50% dextrose solution (1 L/cow) every 24 h. Cows that presented a VDS 1, 2, and 3 were categorized as normal vaginal discharge animals (NOMVDS; n=35) and were randomly selected and matched by parity to CONV and DEX cows. Daily milk yield and rumination time for the first 150 DIM were collected from on-farm computer records. Blood samples were collected to assess haptoglobin (HP) and ß-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) concentrations at study d 0, d 7, and d 14 relative to enrollment. Subclinical ketosis was defined as having a BHB concentration >1.2 mmol/dL at any of the sampling points. The data were analyzed using the MIXED and GLIMMIX procedures of SAS as a randomized complete block design. When comparing cows with different VDS (i.e., NOMVDS, VDS4, VDS5) separately, cows with VDS5 had the highest concentration of HP at enrollment compared to cows with VDS4 and NOMVDS; however, cows with VDS4 had higher concentrations of HP compared to cows with NOMVDS. Cows with VDS4 or VDS5 had a higher incidence of subclinical ketosis compared to cows with NOMVDS (p=0.005; VDS4= 62.08±9.16%; VDS5=74.44±6.74%; NOMVDS=34.36±8.53%). Similarly, daily milk yield (p<.0001; VDS4=30.17±1.32 kg/d; VDS5=27.40±1.27 kg/d; NOMVDS=35.14±1.35 kg/d) and daily rumination time (p=0.001; VDS4=490.77±19.44 min; VDS5=465±16.67 min; NOMVDS=558.29±18.80 min) was lower for cows with VDS4 and VDS5 compared to cows with NOMVDS at 7±3 days in milk. When analyzing HP concentration between treatment groups in cows with VDS4 (p=0.70), VDS5 (p=0.25), or VDS4 and VDS5 combined (p=0.31), there was no difference in HP concentration by study d 14 between treatment groups. Interestingly, when only cows with VDS4 were considered for treatment, both treatments, DEX and CONV, increased the daily milk yield to the levels of NOMVDS cows by 14 days in milk. On the other hand, when only cows with VDS5 were considered for treatment, cows treated with DEX produced, on average, 4.48 kg/d less milk in the first 150 days in milk compared to cows treated with CONV or cows that had NOMVDS. Similarly, when cows with either VDS4 or VDS5 were considered for treatment, DEX treatment also impaired milk yield. These results suggest that cows with either VDS 4 or 5 have an altered inflammatory status, and decreased milk yield and rumination compared to cows with NOMVDS. Furthermore, DEX treatment may have similar effects on daily milk yield and metabolic status compared to CONV in cows with VDS4, while DEX is not recommended for cows with VDS5.

Small Extracellular Vesicles Harboring PD-L1 in Obstructive Sleep Apnea.

Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSA) has been associated with increased cancer incidence and aggressiveness. One hypothesis to support this association is the implication of immune response, particularly the programmed cell death pathway, formed by the receptor PD-1 and its ligand PD-L1. Recent studies have shown dysregulation of this pathway in severe OSA patients. It has also been shown that small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) carrying PD-L1 induce lymphocyte dysfunction. Thus, the aim of our study was to analyze the expression of PD-L1 on sEVs of OSA patients and to evaluate the role of sEVs on lymphocyte activation and cytotoxicity. Circulating sEVs were isolated from OSA patients and the control group. Lymphocytes were isolated from the control group. Circulating sEVs were characterized by western blot, nanotracking analysis, and flow cytometry and were incubated with lymphocytes. Our results show no differences in the quantity and composition of sEVs in OSA patients and no significant effects of sEVs in OSA patients on lymphocyte activation and cytotoxicity. These results suggest that OSA does not modify PD-L1 expression on sEVs, which does not contribute to dysregulation of cytotoxic lymphocytes.

Mice lacking DIO3 exhibit sex-specific alterations in circadian patterns of corticosterone and gene expression in metabolic tissues.

Disruption of circadian rhythms is associated with neurological, endocrine and metabolic pathologies. We have recently shown that mice lacking functional type 3 deiodinase (DIO3), the enzyme that clears thyroid hormones, exhibit a phase shift in locomotor activity, suggesting altered circadian rhythm. To better understand the physiological and molecular basis of this phenotype, we used Dio3+/+ and Dio3-/- mice of both sexes at different zeitgeber times (ZTs) and analyzed corticosterone and thyroxine (T4) levels, hypothalamic, hepatic, and adipose tissue expression of clock genes, as well as genes involved in the thyroid hormone action or physiology of liver and adipose tissues. Wild type mice exhibited sexually dimorphic circadian patterns of genes controlling thyroid hormone action, including Dio3. Dio3-/- mice exhibited altered hypothalamic expression of several clock genes at ZT12, but did not disrupt the overall circadian profile. Expression of clock genes in peripheral tissues was not disrupted by Dio3 deficiency. However, Dio3 loss in liver and adipose tissues disrupted circadian profiles of genes that determine tissue thyroid hormone action and physiology. We also observed circadian-specific changes in serum T4 and corticosterone as a result of DIO3 deficiency. The circadian alterations manifested sexual dimorphism. Most notable, the time curve of serum corticosterone was flattened in Dio3-/- females. We conclude that Dio3 exhibits circadian variations, influencing the circadian rhythmicity of thyroid hormone action and physiology in liver and adipose tissues in a sex-specific manner. Circadian disruptions in tissue physiology may then contribute to the metabolic phenotypes of DIO3-deficient mice.

Synthesis and Photophysical Properties of ß-Alkenyl-Substituted BODIPY Dyes by Indium(III)-Catalyzed Intermolecular Alkyne Hydroarylation.

A new atom-economical synthesis of ß-alkenyl-substituted BODIPYs via indium(III)-catalyzed intermolecular alkyne hydroarylation with meso-substituted BODIPYs is described. While catalysis with InI3 allows the double ß-functionalization of BODIPY, resulting in regioselectively branched ß,ß'-disubstituted alkenyl BODIPYs, catalytic InCl3 enables the formation of linear ß-substituted alkenyl BODIPYs. Subsequent In(III)-catalyzed intermolecular alkyne hydroarylation allows the synthesis of unsymmetrical push-pull BODIPY derivatives. Therefore, indium catalysis offers complementary regioselectivity in good chemical yields and functional group tolerance. The resulting BODIPY dyes displayed bathochromically shifted absorption and emission according to the electron-nature of the substituents in the alkenyl moiety with high molar extinction coefficients (ε up to 88,200 M-1 cm-1) and quantum yields (0.14-0.96).

Assessment of the effects of prepartum anti-inflammatory therapies on type 1/type 2 immunity ratio using a rapid blood test.

The objective of this study was to assess (1) the effects of prepartum administration of anti-inflammatory therapies on type 1/type 2 immunity ratio using a rapid blood test (D2Dx immunity test; Nano Discovery Inc.), and (2) correlations between rapid blood test scores and daily milk yield in Holstein dairy cows. At 14 d before the expected calving date, cows (n = 64) and heifers (n = 23) were blocked by body condition score (optimal = 3.25-3.5; high ≥3.75) and parity (nulliparous, parous), and randomly allocated to one of 3 treatment groups (1) ASA (n = 29) = receive one oral treatment with administration of acetylsalicylic acid (4 boluses; 480 grain/bolus); (2) MEL (n = 31) = receive one oral administration with meloxicam (1 mg/kg of body weight), or (3) PLC (n = 27) = receive one oral treatment with 4 gelatin capsules filled with water. Blood samples were collected weekly starting 1 wk before treatment until 3 wk after calving for assessment of type 1/type 2 immunity ratio using a rapid blood test (i.e., D2Dx immunity test). A higher D2Dx score corresponds to a higher type 1/type 2 ratio. Furthermore, blood samples were collected within 72 h before and after calving by farm personnel. Daily milk yield for the first 60 d in milk (DIM) was collected from on-farm computer records. The data were analyzed using MIXED procedure of SAS (SAS Institute Inc.) as a randomized complete block design. On average enrolled cows received treatment administration 10 d before the actual calving date (standard deviation = 5.10 d). There was a tendency for a treatment by day interaction. Cows treated with ASA had higher type 1/type 2 ratio within 3 d after calving compared with MEL and PLC cows (ASA = 0.065 ± 0.002; MEL = 0.059 ± 0.002; PLC = 0.053 ± 0.002). Similarly, ASA and MEL cows had a higher type 1/type 2 ratio at 7 ± 3 DIM compared with PLC cows (ASA = 0.062 ± 0.002; MEL = 0.064 ± 0.002; PLC = 0.056 ± 0.002). Regardless of treatment, there was an interaction between parity and day. Parous cows had higher type 1/type 2 ratios compared with nulliparous cows at 14 ± 3 d before calving and at 7 ± 3, 14 ± 3, and 21 ± 3 d after calving. Furthermore, there was a positive correlation between D2Dx scores at 14 ± 3 DIM and average daily milk yield in the first 60 DIM. These results suggest that prepartum anti-inflammatory therapies may cause an increased shift in type 1 immunity around calving. Similarly, parous cows may have an increased shift in type 1 immunity after calving. Interestingly, higher type 1/type 2 ratios may be associated with higher milk yields in the first 60 DIM. Larger studies are needed to identify associations between the D2Dx immunity test and cow health and performance, as well as to assess the applicability of these types of tests in a conventional farm setting.

Asimetría escapular por agenesia congénita de trapecio unilateral: a propósito de un caso / Case report: Scapular asymmetry caused by congenital unilateral absence of trapezius

La agenesia completa unilateral de trapecio es una afección infrecuente, reportada anteriormente en la literatura tras su hallazgo en muestras cadavéricas. Afecta a la estática, biomecánica y funcionalidad de la cintura escapular, por lo que es especialmente importante realizar una exhaustiva exploración física del paciente en consulta para descartarla o sospecharla. Presentamos el caso de un niño de 8 años con asimetría de la cintura escapular y escápula alada, remitido a la consulta de Rehabilitación por sospecha de distrofia facioescapulohumeral. La RM confirmó la agenesia de músculo trapecio derecho. No había alteración de la funcionalidad en el paciente. No se encontraron otras anomalías congénitas.(AU)

Congenital unilateral absence of trapezius is a rare condition, previously reported in cadaveric specimens. It can cause static shoulder asymmetry and affects the scapular biomechanics and functionality, so complete physical examination of the patient becomes important in order to dimiss or suspect an anomaly.We present a case of a 8 years old boy with asymmetry and scapular winging, who was referred to rehabilitation, suspected facioscapulohumeral dystrophy. An MRI scan of cervical spine and shoulder confirmed the absence of the right trapezius muscle. There were no functional disabilities. No other significant congenital anomalies were found.(AU)

Biotherapeutic approaches against cardio-metabolic dysfunctions based on extracellular vesicles.

Among the different pathways involved in the cell-to-cell communication, extracellular vesicles (EVs) are defined as key players in the transport of different signalling molecules, such as lipids, proteins, and RNA, from the originating cells to specific target cells. The biogenesis and composition of EVs are complex and confer them a unique ability to more effectively reach tissues and cells as compared to other types of synthetic carriers. Owing to these properties, EVs have been suggested as new therapeutic tools for personalized medicine. Since cardiometabolic diseases have reached pandemic proportions, new therapies are needed to be developed. In this context, EVs appear as promising therapeutic tools against cardiometabolic disorders associated with obesity and diabetes. This review focuses on the latest research on preclinical applications of EVs for cardiometabolic diseases, and draw primarily on our experience in this area.

Experience With Bexarotene to Treat Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphomas: A Study of the Spanish Working Group of Cutaneous Lymphomas.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Bexarotene has been approved to treat advanced stage cutaneous T-cell lymphomas (CTCL) since 1999. However, very few data have been published on its long-term safety and efficacy profile. The aim of this study is to determine the tolerability to bexarotene and outcomes by collecting the 2nd largest case series to date on its long-term use vs CTCL. MATERIAL AND METHOD: This was a multicenter retrospective review of 216 patients with mycosis fungoides (174), or Sézary syndrome (42) on a 10-year course of bexarotene alone or in combination with other therapies at 19 tertiary referral teaching hospitals. RESULTS: A total of 133 men (62%) and 83 women (38%) were included, with a mean age of 63.5 year (27-95). A total of 45% were on bexarotene monotherapy for the entire study period, 22% started on bexarotene but eventually received an additional therapy, 13% were on another treatment but eventually received bexarotene while the remaining 20% received a combination therapy since the beginning. The median course of treatment was 20.78 months (1-114); and the overall response rate, 70.3%. Complete and partial response rates were achieved in 26% and 45% of the patients, respectively. Treatment was well tolerated, being the most common toxicities hypertriglyceridemia (79%), hypercholesterolemia (71%), and hypothyroidism (52%). No treatment-related grade 5 adverse events were reported. CONCLUSIONS: Our study confirms bexarotene is a safe and effective therapy for the long-term treatment of CTCL.

Exploring priming strategies to improve stress resilience of Posidonia oceanica seedlings.

Seagrasses' ability to store information after exposure to stress (i.e. stress memory) and to better respond to further stress (i.e. priming) have recently been observed, although the temporal persistence of the memory and the mechanisms for priming induction remain to be defined. Here, we explored three priming strategies in Posidonia oceanica seedlings, each inducing a different level of stress, for temperature and salinity. We investigated changes in morphometry, growth rate and biomass between primed and non-primed seedlings. The results showed similar behaviour of seedlings when exposed to an acute stress event, regardless of whether they had been primed or not and of the priming strategy received. This opens the debate on the level of stress necessary for inducing a priming status and the persistence of the stress memory in P. oceanica seedlings. Although no priming-induced stress resistance was observed, seedlings showed unexpectedly high resilience to extreme levels of both abiotic stressors.